本文提出了一种深度学习方法,用于在历史文档的数字收集中进行图像检索和图案斑点。首先,区域建议算法检测文档页面图像中的对象候选。接下来,考虑了两个不同的变体,这些模型用于特征提取,这些变体提供了实用值或二进制代码表示。最后,通过计算给定输入查询的特征相似性来对候选图像进行排名。一项强大的实验协议评估了DOCEXPLORE图像数据库上的每个表示方案(实用值和二进制代码)的建议方法。实验结果表明,所提出的深层模型与历史文档图像的最新图像检索方法相比,使用相同的技术用于模式斑点,优于2.56个百分点。此外,与基于实价表示的相关作品相比,提议的方法还将搜索时间缩短了200倍,并且存储的成本高达6,000倍。
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当使用基于视觉的方法对被占用和空的空地之间的单个停车位进行分类时,人类专家通常需要注释位置,并标记包含目标停车场中收集的图像的训练集,以微调系统。我们建议研究三种注释类型(多边形,边界框和固定尺寸的正方形),提供停车位的不同数据表示。理由是阐明手工艺注释精度和模型性能之间的最佳权衡。我们还调查了在目标停车场微调预训练型号所需的带注释的停车位数。使用PKLOT数据集使用的实验表明,使用低精度注释(例如固定尺寸的正方形),可以将模型用少于1,000个标记的样品微调到目标停车场。
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已经广泛地研究了使用虹膜和围眼区域作为生物特征,主要是由于虹膜特征的奇异性以及当图像分辨率不足以提取虹膜信息时的奇异区域的使用。除了提供有关个人身份的信息外,还可以探索从这些特征提取的功能,以获得其他信息,例如个人的性别,药物使用的影响,隐形眼镜的使用,欺骗等。这项工作提出了对为眼部识别创建的数据库的调查,详细说明其协议以及如何获取其图像。我们还描述并讨论了最受欢迎的眼镜识别比赛(比赛),突出了所提交的算法,只使用Iris特征和融合虹膜和周边地区信息实现了最佳结果。最后,我们描述了一些相关工程,将深度学习技术应用于眼镜识别,并指出了新的挑战和未来方向。考虑到有大量的眼部数据库,并且每个人通常都设计用于特定问题,我们认为这项调查可以广泛概述眼部生物识别学中的挑战。
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ICECUBE是一种用于检测1 GEV和1 PEV之间大气和天体中微子的光学传感器的立方公斤阵列,该阵列已部署1.45 km至2.45 km的南极的冰盖表面以下1.45 km至2.45 km。来自ICE探测器的事件的分类和重建在ICeCube数据分析中起着核心作用。重建和分类事件是一个挑战,这是由于探测器的几何形状,不均匀的散射和冰中光的吸收,并且低于100 GEV的光,每个事件产生的信号光子数量相对较少。为了应对这一挑战,可以将ICECUBE事件表示为点云图形,并将图形神经网络(GNN)作为分类和重建方法。 GNN能够将中微子事件与宇宙射线背景区分开,对不同的中微子事件类型进行分类,并重建沉积的能量,方向和相互作用顶点。基于仿真,我们提供了1-100 GEV能量范围的比较与当前ICECUBE分析中使用的当前最新最大似然技术,包括已知系统不确定性的影响。对于中微子事件分类,与当前的IceCube方法相比,GNN以固定的假阳性速率(FPR)提高了信号效率的18%。另外,GNN在固定信号效率下将FPR的降低超过8(低于半百分比)。对于能源,方向和相互作用顶点的重建,与当前最大似然技术相比,分辨率平均提高了13%-20%。当在GPU上运行时,GNN能够以几乎是2.7 kHz的中位数ICECUBE触发速率的速率处理ICECUBE事件,这打开了在在线搜索瞬态事件中使用低能量中微子的可能性。
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本文提出了一种新的方法,该方法结合了卷积层(CLS)和大规模的度量度量,用于在小数据集上进行培训模型以进行纹理分类。这种方法的核心是损失函数,该函数计算了感兴趣的实例和支持向量之间的距离。目的是在迭代中更新CLS的权重,以学习一类之间具有较大利润的表示形式。每次迭代都会产生一个基于这种表示形式的支持向量表示的大细边缘判别模型。拟议方法的优势W.R.T.卷积神经网络(CNN)为两倍。首先,由于参数数量减少,与等效的CNN相比,它允许用少量数据进行表示。其次,自返回传播仅考虑支持向量以来,它的培训成本较低。关于纹理和组织病理学图像数据集的实验结果表明,与等效的CNN相比,所提出的方法以较低的计算成本和更快的收敛性达到了竞争精度。
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Digital platforms, including online forums and helplines, have emerged as avenues of support for caregivers suffering from postpartum mental health distress. Understanding support seekers' experiences as shared on these platforms could provide crucial insight into caregivers' needs during this vulnerable time. In the current work, we provide a descriptive analysis of the concerns, psychological states, and motivations shared by healthy and distressed postpartum support seekers on two digital platforms, a one-on-one digital helpline and a publicly available online forum. Using a combination of human annotations, dictionary models and unsupervised techniques, we find stark differences between the experiences of distressed and healthy mothers. Distressed mothers described interpersonal problems and a lack of support, with 8.60% - 14.56% reporting severe symptoms including suicidal ideation. In contrast, the majority of healthy mothers described childcare issues, such as questions about breastfeeding or sleeping, and reported no severe mental health concerns. Across the two digital platforms, we found that distressed mothers shared similar content. However, the patterns of speech and affect shared by distressed mothers differed between the helpline vs. the online forum, suggesting the design of these platforms may shape meaningful measures of their support-seeking experiences. Our results provide new insight into the experiences of caregivers suffering from postpartum mental health distress. We conclude by discussing methodological considerations for understanding content shared by support seekers and design considerations for the next generation of support tools for postpartum parents.
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We describe a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) that simulates the flow induced by the astronomical tide in a synthetic port channel, with dimensions based on the Santos - S\~ao Vicente - Bertioga Estuarine System. PINN models aim to combine the knowledge of physical systems and data-driven machine learning models. This is done by training a neural network to minimize the residuals of the governing equations in sample points. In this work, our flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations with some approximations. There are two main novelties in this paper. First, we design our model to assume that the flow is periodic in time, which is not feasible in conventional simulation methods. Second, we evaluate the benefit of resampling the function evaluation points during training, which has a near zero computational cost and has been verified to improve the final model, especially for small batch sizes. Finally, we discuss some limitations of the approximations used in the Navier-Stokes equations regarding the modeling of turbulence and how it interacts with PINNs.
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Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.
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先前的工作表明,深-RL可以应用于无地图导航,包括混合无人驾驶空中水下车辆(Huauvs)的中等过渡。本文介绍了基于最先进的演员批评算法的新方法,以解决Huauv的导航和中型过渡问题。我们表明,具有复发性神经网络的双重评论家Deep-RL可以使用仅范围数据和相对定位来改善Huauvs的导航性能。我们的深-RL方法通过通过不同的模拟场景对学习的扎实概括,实现了更好的导航和过渡能力,表现优于先前的方法。
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深钢筋学习中的确定性和随机技术已成为改善运动控制和各种机器人的决策任务的有前途的解决方案。先前的工作表明,这些深-RL算法通常可以应用于一般的移动机器人的无MAP导航。但是,他们倾向于使用简单的传感策略,因为已经证明它们在高维状态空间(例如基于图像的传感的空间)方面的性能不佳。本文在执行移动机器人无地图导航的任务时,对两种深-RL技术 - 深确定性政策梯度(DDPG)和软参与者(SAC)进行了比较分析。我们的目标是通过展示神经网络体系结构如何影响学习本身的贡献,并根据每种方法的航空移动机器人导航的时间和距离提出定量结果。总体而言,我们对六个不同体系结构的分析强调了随机方法(SAC)更好地使用更深的体系结构,而恰恰相反发生在确定性方法(DDPG)中。
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